Journal of Science Engineering Technology and Management Science

This paper reviews the growing importance of energy storage technologies in modern power systems driven by the rapid expansion of renewable energy sources such as solar PV and wind. The inherent variability and intermittency of renewables create challenges in maintaining grid stability, power quality, and reliability. To address these issues, several energy storage elements—batteries, ultra-capacitors, flywheels, and fuel cells—are increasingly integrated into grid-connected and islanded systems. The review covers their operating principles, performance characteristics, and suitability for AC and DC microgrid environments. Special attention is given to battery charging and discharging strategies, as they significantly influence system efficiency and lifetime. The survey further examines the impacts of renewable energy integration on the main grid and highlights how microgrids and Building-to-Grid (B2G) concepts enhance flexibility, controllability, and energy management. Key findings indicate that hybrid storage systems and coordinated control methods are critical for future smart grids, while gaps remain in multi-storage optimization and standardized frameworks for AC/DC microgrids and B2G interaction.

Keywords : Energy storage, batteries, ultra-capacitors, flywheels, microgrids, building-togrid, fuel cells.

Author : Katkuri Rajendar,Dr. B. Sathyavani,Dr. Ch Hussaian Basha

Title : A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW ON ENERGY STORAGE TECHNOLOGIES FOR GRID INTERACTIVE

Volume/Issue : 2025;02(12)

Page No : 1-8

Active distribution networks (ADNs) are transforming conventional passive grids into intelligent, consumer-interactive energy systems. The rapid integration of renewable energy sources, smart appliances, low-voltage DC (LVDC) distribution, and home energy management systems (HEMS) is enabling fine-grained control over energy consumption at residential, commercial, and industrial levels. Parallel developments in prosumer technologies such as Building-to-Grid (B2G), Vehicle-toGrid (V2G), and Solar-to-Grid (S2G) are accelerating consumer participation in energy markets. Additionally, distributed power generation using distributed energy resources (DERs), energy storage, and microgrids significantly improves reliability, resilience, and efficiency. This paper provides a comprehensive IEEE-style review of smart consumption strategies, distributed generation, net metering policies, and demand response mechanisms that shape the future of active distribution networks. Emerging trends, challenges, and opportunities for grid–consumer interaction are also discussed.

Keywords : Active distribution networks, LVDC, HEMS, B2G, V2G, Solar-to-Grid, Demand Response, DER, Microgrids.

Author : Perike olive,Dr. B. Sathyavani

Title : A REVIEW ON SMART CONSUMPTION AND DISTRIBUTED POWER GENERATION IN ACTIVE DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS

Volume/Issue : 2025;02(12)

Page No : 9-16

The purpose of this study was to develop and scientifically authenticate newly constructed Kabaddi offensive skill tests for high school girls aged fourteen to sixteen years. Twelve offensive skill tests— Riding Footwork, Simple Hand Touch, Running Hand Touch, Stooping Hand Touch, Turn & Hand Touch, Hopping Hand Touch, Toe Touch, Double Attack in Toe Touch, Drag Back and Toe Touch, Running Toe Touch, Back Kick and Bonus—were administered to 100 high school girls selected from five schools. Validity, reliability and objectivity were established using Karl Pearson’s coefficient of correlation. Results showed significant negative correlations between offensive skills and expert-rated playing ability, indicating high validity. Reliability scores (test–retest) and objectivity scores (inter-tester correlation) were above 0.90 for all tests. Thus, the constructed offensive skill tests were found to be valid, reliable and objective. These tests can be used as standardized tools for evaluating offensive Kabaddi skills among high school girls.

Keywords : Kabaddi, offensive skills, test development, validity, reliability, objectivity

Author : Ch Mahesh,T. Hanumanthu

Title : DEVELOPMENT OF KABADDI OFFENSIVE SKILLS TEST FOR HIGH SCHOOL GIRLS

Volume/Issue : 2025;02(12)

Page No : 17-20

The rapid evolution of artificial intelligence is redefining the skills required for modern web development, pushing developers beyond traditional programming competencies toward intelligent automation, data-driven design, and adaptive learning capabilities. This study proposes an AIaugmented competency development framework designed to equip next-generation web developers with an integrated blend of technical, cognitive, and collaborative skills. The framework incorporates machine learning–assisted coding, intelligent UI/UX generation, automated testing workflows, APIdriven AI services, and ethical considerations related to responsible AI use. By combining empirical insights from industry practices with structured competency mapping, the proposed model establishes a clear pathway for developers to transition from conventional workflows to AI-enriched development ecosystems. Experimental validation through developer surveys and prototype evaluation demonstrates improved productivity, enhanced problem-solving efficiency, and higher adoption readiness for AI-driven web technologies. This work provides a comprehensive foundation for educational institutions, training programs, and software organizations aiming to modernize web development competencies in the era of artificial intelligence.

Keywords :

Author : Dr. Kishor Kumar Gajula

Title : AI-AUGMENTED WEB DEVELOPMENT: A COMPETENCY FRAMEWORK FOR THE NEXT GENERATION WORKFORCE

Volume/Issue : 2025;02(12)

Page No : 21-29

Financial institutions in developing nations are under increasing pressure to modernize their digital payment systems to meet growing demand for speed, reliability, and flexibility. Building upon the framework proposed by Paruchuri (2023), this paper explores the implementation of a real-time modular architecture that addresses common limitations of legacy payment systems — including inflexibility, poor scalability, and integration challenges. We present a novel design that decouples core payment services into independent, modular components enabling real-time transaction processing, easier integration with legacy systems, and adaptability to emerging payment methods. Through a simulated implementation, we evaluate system performance in terms of throughput, latency, fault tolerance, and scalability, and compare it with traditional monolithic payment infrastructures. Results confirm that the modular approach significantly reduces latency, improves throughput, and enhances operational flexibility — making it a viable modernization strategy for financial institutions.

Keywords : Digital Payments, Modular Architecture, Real-Time Processing, Microservices, Financial Technology, Payment Systems Modernization, Event-Driven Architecture

Author : P. Madhuri

Title : REAL-TIME MODULAR ARCHITECTURE FOR DIGITAL PAYMENTS: ENHANCING EFFICIENCY, SCALABILITY AND FLEXIBILITY IN FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS

Volume/Issue : 2025;02(12)

Page No : 30-39

An energy administration system that takes into account both ecological with technological economic considerations is presented in this study for a hybrid solar with biogas-powered battery charging station (EVCS). In order to monitor immediate charging costs and green energy usage, the proposed software, designed to manage a 20-kW EVCS, improves the use of an inference system using fuzzy logic using MATLAB SIMULINK for controlling power generation, Electric battery demand, recharging time frames, the current charged rates. The outcomes show the suitability of the recommended algorithm gives lower charge prices for weekdays and weekends and saves energy costs by 74.67% in contrast to the present flat rate tariffs. Because the use of hybrid renewable energy also considerably lowers greenhouse gas emissions, the concept is feasible with comparatively quick payback times for charging station owners.

Keywords :

Author : Palapati Divya,Mr.T.Lingaiah

Title : ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR THE ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING UNIT POWERED BY HYBRID RENEWABLE ENERGY

Volume/Issue : 2025;02(12)

Page No : 40-60

Private wireless networks are undergoing a revolution that takes them from a static deployment of 5G networks across the board to a stage where autonomous, AI-driven private 6G networks will be operational. To facilitate the migration of enterprises and thus the smooth transition while at the same time controlling the growing complexity of network operations, essential design patterns and migration strategies are in place. The collaboration co-management models that include the operative, the system integrators, and the IT/OT teams of the enterprise provide the basis for shared responsibility regarding the performance, security, and service assurance of the networks. Architectural principles such as distributed intelligence, dynamic spectrum management, and zero-trust security frameworks are considered the very basics in the case of autonomous private 6G networks. Migration pathways steer towards phased adoption in order to secure interoperability with the current 5G infrastructure and integration of AI-driven monitoring and orchestration tools. This strategy presents a complete roadmap for companies that wish to utilize the benefits of the private 6G technology, such as ultra-low latency, improved reliability, and flexible service delivery. The merging of tech innovations and organizational changes will empower the telecom sector to be more agile, productive, and digitally resilient with the next-gen private networks.

Keywords : Autonomous private 6G, Private 5G migration, AI-driven networks, Co-management models, Design patterns

Author : Bhaskara Raju Rallabandi

Title : EVOLVING PRIVATE NETWORK : FROM 5G TO AUTONOMOUS 6G WITH CO - MANAGEMENT

Volume/Issue : 2025;02(12)

Page No : 61-66

The rapid development in power electronic systems, driven by the use of power semiconductor devices, has led to their application across a wide range of sectors including residential, commercial, aerospace, and more. However, power converters are a major source of harmonic distortion and low power factor in power systems, which remains a key concern. The conventional single-phase AC–DC conversion method using a diode bridge and bulk capacitor presents several drawbacks, such as injection of low-order harmonics into the AC supply, poor power factor, high peak current, distortion of line voltage, increased electromagnetic interference, and additional power losses. This study focuses on evaluating two control techniques to mitigate these issues: Proportional-Integral (PI) controller with hysteresis current control, and Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) with hysteresis. Both methods are implemented in a single-phase Zeta converter. Simulation results highlight that the fuzzy logic-based controller delivers better performance than the PI controller, demonstrating improved power quality, reduced harmonics, and more efficient voltage regulation.

Keywords : Single-Phase Zeta Converter, Power Factor Improvement, Total Harmonic Distortion (THD), Proportional-Integral (PI) Controller, Hysteresis Current Control, Fuzzy Logic Control.

Author : S.T.Siddharthan

Title : A FUZZY LOGIC APPROACH TO IMPROVE POWER QUALITY IN SINGLE-PHASE AC–DC ZETA

Volume/Issue : 2025;02(12)

Page No : 67-78

The rapid evolution of 5G and future wireless systems demands reliable, high-throughput communication techniques. Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) is a key enabler due to its spectral efficiency and resilience to multipath fading, yet it suffers from high PAPR and complexity in channel estimation and equalization. This thesis proposes an optimized MIMO-OFDM framework that integrates pilotassisted Least Squares (LS) and Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) channel estimation with a two-stage MMSE equalization scheme and reduced-complexity modulation recognition. Simulations for an 8×8 MIMO-OFDM system with 64 subcarriers over frequency-selective Rayleigh fading channels show notable gains. The proposed approach achieves a BER of 2.5×10?? at 15 dB SNR, outperforming conventional LS methods achieving 1.2×10?³. Throughput improves by 12%, while computational complexity is reduced by 30%, enabling real-time implementation. Results demonstrate strong robustness under 120-Hz Doppler conditions, highlighting the method’s suitability for next-generation wireless networks.

Keywords : MIMO-OFDM; Hybrid Channel Estimation; MMSE Equalization; LS–MMSE Estimator; Massive MIMO; XL-MIMO; ISAC (Integrated Sensing and Communication); THz Communication; Optical Wireless Communication; Beamforming; Precoding

Author : Dr.Kanne Naveen, Farha khanam

Title : HARDWARE-EFFICIENT MIMO-OFDM SYSTEM WITH VARIABLECAPACITANCE ANTENNA ARRAYS FOR REAL-TIME WIRELESS COMMUNICATION

Volume/Issue : 2025;02(12)

Page No : 79-90