SK. Anjaneyulu Babu 1 , R.Mamatha 2 03 07 Vulnerability Assessment and Penetration Testing VAPT of web applications is an essential security practice aimed at identifying and mitigating security vulnerabilities within webbased systems This process involves systematic evaluation of a web applications security posture through various techniques including scanning for known vulnerabilities mis configurations and coding flaws followed by exploiting these weaknesses in a controlled environment to determine the level of risk they pose VAPT typically includes both automated and manual testing methods which help to detect potential threats such as SQL injection crosssite scripting XSS crosssite request forgery CSRF and improper authentication mechanisms By simulating the tactics and techniques used by realworld attackers VAPT ensures that vulnerabilities are identified before malicious actors can exploit them This process also helps organizations comply with regulatory frameworks and standards ensuring that sensitive data remains protected from unauthorized access The findings from a penetration test are analyzed and remediation strategies are provided to mitigate risks strengthen security and enhance the overall defense mechanisms of the web application Through VAPT businesses can achieve a proactive security posture ensuring the integrity confidentiality and availability of their web applications and reducing the likelihood of data breaches or cyber attacks Copyright (c) Journal of Science Engineering Technology and Management Science. All rights reserved 2026