Article
Fuzzy logic control of cascaded multilevel inverter based power transmission in electric vehicles
The efficient utilization and management of battery energy in electric vehicles (EVs) is a critical factor influencing driving range, battery lifespan, and overall power efficiency. One of the major challenges in EV battery systems is uneven discharge among battery modules, which can lead to capacity imbalances, increased power losses, thermal instability, and premature battery degradation. Traditional passive and active balancing techniques require additional circuitry, which increases system complexity and energy losses. To overcome these limitations, this paper proposes a Fuzzy Logic Controlled Cascaded Multilevel Inverter (FLCCMLI) system for real-time battery balancing in EV power transmission. The proposed system integrates a Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) with a Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter (CMLI) to ensure uniform discharge of battery modules. The FLC continuously monitors State-of-Charge (SOC) variations among individual battery packs and dynamically adjusts PWM switching signals in the inverter to regulate the power drawn from each battery module. Unlike conventional controllers, FLC does not require an accurate mathematical model of the system, making it robust against nonlinearities, load fluctuations, and battery aging effects. By adapting the modulation index of the inverter in real time, the system ensures that all battery modules contribute equally to power delivery, reducing SOC imbalances and preventing excessive stress on specific cells. A comprehensive MATLAB/Simulink simulation is conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed system under various load conditions and battery states. The results demonstrate that FLC-based balancing reduces SOC variations by 20-30%, significantly enhancing the lifespan of individual battery cells. Additionally, Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) is reduced below 5%, and power utilization efficiency improves by up to 15% compared to conventional control methods. These improvements lead to better energy management, increased reliability of EV power transmission, and extended driving range. The findings of this study highlight the potential of intelligent fuzzy logicbased battery balancing techniques as a viable alternative to traditional passive resistive and active balancing circuits. The proposed FLC-CMLI framework not only optimizes power flow but also minimizes energy dissipation, improving overall system efficiency and sustainability. Future work can focus on real-time implementation using embedded controllers and the integration of AI-driven predictive balancing techniques to further enhance EV battery management systems.
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